European Copernicus satellite NDVI to characterize Vineyard growing cycle and best areas to install soil moisture sensors for water stress detection
Vineyard growing rate affectation by soil moisture using Soil Water Index.
Areas and timeline of research: October 2017 to May-2019. Serra Gaucha, Brazil. Bio Bio, Chile. Northern California.
Author: Fernando Roque. Email: fmroque10@gmail.com Statistics specialist in Cluster Analysis using the K-Means algorithm with TensorFlow and SAP Hana to classify data with multiple variables.
Blog: https://quanticstats.blogspot.com/
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This research is based on three publications that show the application of NDVI in the wine industry. These publications demonstrate the potential commercial application:
a)Normalized difference vegetation index obtained by ground-based remote sensing to characterize the vine cycle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Comparison between Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.
Link: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542017000500543
b) Product Focus: Soil Moisture Sensors Vital to making irrigation effective and efficient
Link: https://winesvinesanalytics.com/features/article/165595/Product-Focus-Soil-Moisture-Sensors
c) Spatio-temporal variability of NDVI and land surface temperature in the Maule and Biobío Regions (2000-2012)
Link: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392015000500008
The NDVI data (monthly from October 2017 to May 2019) from the regions of :
a) The Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
b) Bío Bío region in Chile
c) Navarro and Russian River in Northern California
was processed using the "R programming" API interface developed by Quantic Statistics to process NetCDF files from Copernicus satellite. One of the most important practical applications of remote sensing of NDVI is to place a land sensor with soil profile and characteristics that represent an entire block. This information saves money and sensors installed on the wrong places.
The NDVI study in Serra Caúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil measure this index for Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards during the vine vegetative seasons September to June in 2014/15 and 2015/16. The NDVI value varied from 0.33 to 0.85 reflecting the changing in vigor and biomass accumulation. The NDVI values were higher for Cabernet Sauvignon compared to Chardonnay indicating Cabernet Sauvignon as the cultivar with greater vegetative vigor. The NDVI was obtained by ground-based remote sensing.
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Figure 1 shows the Copernicus data results for the 2017-18 and 2018-19 growing seasons. Figure 2 shows the results of NDVI for Cabernet Sauvignon compared to Chardonnay for the 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons.
The four years of NDVI comparison shows almost no difference in the indicator. It is reaching the maximum value between 0.84 and 0.86. During the harvest months, January to April the NDVI is high between 0.83 and 0.84. The coordinates of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay vineyards are needed to get the comparison using the satellite data.
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The NDVI for the 2017-18 and 2018-19 for the Region of Bio Bio in Chile shows a lower indicator for maximum values compared with Serra Gaucha. Bio Bio region NDVI moves between 0.48 and 0.59, while Serra Gaucha is between 0.33 and 0.85. Bio Bio had around an NDVI of 0.5 for the harvest season. Serra Gaucha had around 0.83.Bio Bio NDVI average for the two seasons was 0.5. Bio Bio´s behavior of NDVI for the two seasons was relatively the same.
The Soil Water Index shows a steady level of moisture between 2009 and 2019 seasons. See figure 5 for Bio Bio region.
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The article Spatio-temporal variability of NDVI and land surface temperature in the Maule and Biobío Regions (2000-2012)
Link: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392015000500008
quoted: "The high power spectrum associated with an annual cycle was emphasized by wavelet cross-correlations between the NDVI and LST temporal series. Moreover, it was possible to define agroclimatic zones (coastal, interior, and foothill drylands, irrigated valleys, and forests) from the amplitude and phase. Continuous wavelet transforms prove to be a useful tool in identifying agroclimatic zones. "NDVI application and continuous measure of every 10 days could help to identify the changes in the biodiversity and wine production.
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Figure 7 shows the NDVI for the vineyard growing season in Northern California. In the Northern Hemisphere this season is between May and October. The NDVI for 2017-18 and 2018-19 oscillates between 0.6 and 0.7. Better than Bio Bio Chile with oscillation between 0.5 and 0.6 and lower than Serra Gaucha, Brazil with values between 0.7 and 0.8. The article Product Focus: Soil Moisture Sensors Vital to making irrigation effective and efficient
Link:
https://winesvinesanalytics.com/features/article/165595/Product-Focus-Soil-Moisture-Sensors
Quotes “…After determining soil type and stratification, a grower should then analyze vine vigor through his or her own observations or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) mapping. The goal is to place the sensor in a location that has the soil profile and characteristics that represents an “average” of the entire block. “.
“He also noted that using NDVI mapping through aerial or satellite imaging is an excellent tool for determining where to put sensors and how many a vineyard needs based on vigor patterns.”
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